Characteristics, Outcomes and Meanings of Three Types of Permanent Placement – Adoption by Strangers, Adoption by Carers and Long-term Foster Care

This study explored the different pathways that children follow through, and in some cases out of care, and the outcomes associated with these pathways. It compared the emotional, behavioural and relationship difficulties of children in each type of placement, their participation and progress in education and the stability of their placements. It also explored how children make sense of being fostered or adopted, their perceptions of belonging and permanence.