Study of a million elderly suggests more exercise to cut heart attack and stroke risk
Older people should up their exercise levels once they hit 60 to help cut their risk of heart attack and stroke, new research suggests.
People who started exercising after being continuously inactive had a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease of up to 11% compared with those who stayed sedentary, a study of more than a million elderly people found.
Those who eased off as they got older were up to 27% more likely to develop heart and blood vessel problems.
The researchers in South Korea said their findings were evident even in people with disabilities and chronic conditions such as high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes.
They said doctors should prescribe physical activity for older patients as a preventative measure.
Kyuwoong Kim, a PhD student at Seoul National University Graduate School Department of Biomedical Sciences in Seoul, said: “The most important message from this research is that older adults should increase or maintain their exercise frequency to prevent cardiovascular disease.”
He continued: “While older adults find it difficult to engage in regular physical activity as they age, our research suggests that it is necessary to be more physically active for cardiovascular health, and this is also true for people with disabilities and chronic health conditions.
“We believe that community-based programmes to encourage physical activity among older adults should be promoted by governments.
“Also, from a clinical perspective, physicians should ‘prescribe’ physical activity along with other recommended medical treatments for people with a high risk of cardiovascular disease.”
The study looked at 1,119,925 men and women aged 60 years or older who underwent two consecutive health checks by the Korean National Health Insurance Service in 2009-2010 and 2011-2012.
At each check, they were asked about their physical activity and lifestyle, and researchers calculated how much moderate and vigorous exercise they were doing each week and how levels changed between the two checks.
They then collected data on heart disease and strokes from January 2013 to December 2016, identifying 114,856 cases.
The researchers found that 22% of those inactive at the first check had increased their physical activity by the time of the second.
Those who went from nothing to being moderately or physically active three to four times a week had a reduced risk of cardiovascular problems of 11%.
And just over half (54%) of people who had been exercising five or more times a week at the time of the first screening had become inactive by the time of the second.
These people were found to have a 27% increased risk of cardiovascular problems.
When looking at people with disabilities and chronic conditions, they found that those who switched from being inactive to being moderately or vigorously active three to four times a week also reduced their risk of cardiovascular problems.
People with a disability had a reduced risk of 16%, and those with diabetes, raised blood pressure or cholesterol levels had a reduced risk of between 4%-7%.
About two thirds of those who took part in the study said they were physically inactive at both checks.
The authors said they cannot be certain if the findings will apply outside of the Korean population due to differences in ethnicity and lifestyle.
They also said a limitation was that the physical activity levels were self-reported, and that they did not have information on other types of physical activity, such as housework.
The study is published in the European Heart Journal.
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